Imagine the frustration that would be in the life of a
family that, after so long searching and waiting for the purchase of their own
home, is faced with several defects inside the property?
At first, these "defects" are apparently harmless,
however, they can hide and even trigger serious problems in your infrastructure
in the short or long term.
It is what we call pathologies in civil construction, a term
that is increasingly discussed among owners of construction companies and
professionals in the industry, given the growing demand of consumers to
purchase a quality product, with good references in the market and, above all,
insurance.
But what does that term mean, anyway? Continue reading and discover
what are the pathologies of civil construction and their main causative agents.
Learn also what can be done to prevent the work of these problems.
What is pathology in construction?
The term pathology in civil construction is dedicated to the
study of errors and damages in the structural part of a work.
The explanations for the emergence of pathologies are
varied: the lack of planning, poor working conditions, incorrect storage of
materials used in construction and inefficiency in the workforce are also some
examples.
Neglecting these conditions causes a devaluation of the
property and a negative impact on the name of the construction company and
engineers responsible for the project, in addition to compromising the
evolution of the works.
Therefore, it is essential to carefully analyze all service
conditions of the structural part in order to identify any problems that may
compromise the building.
4 most common pathologies in civil construction
1 - INFILTRATION
Failure to install the hydraulic part causes a major
headache during and after the work. As a consequence, wet spots appear on the
walls, floors, facades and ceiling and, depending on the cause, can be quite
difficult to solve.
It is no wonder that this is one of the biggest complaints
of residents and property owners. Moisture can cause damage to the installed
electronics and the electrical part of the building, as well as affecting the
health of residents.
2 - CARBONATION
Also known as corrosion of steel reinforcement, it is caused
by chemical agents. The concrete, then, acts as a steel protector, preventing
the structure from being affected by corrosive processes.
But, if the carbon dioxide penetrates the concrete pores,
when it comes in contact with moisture, it forms acidity that reaches the metal
frame. Therefore, the ideal is to verify that the frames are properly covered
with the concrete, in addition to paying special attention to the type of
concrete used and its composition to prevent the mixture from peeling off and
leaving the steel exposed.
3 - SHIFTING IN THE COATING
Concrete is the material used to coat floors, walls, slabs
and other structural parts of a work, usually already covered with layers of
cement, lime or plaster. In addition to finishing the structural part, it keeps
the space safe and free from degradation caused by external agents.
Therefore, the appearance of a failure in the coating is an
alert for some other more serious problem in the structure of the work.
The type and quality of the materials chosen to be added together
with the coating mixture must be done carefully, as they can harm the final
result, in addition to the way of execution.
The types of lining pathologies are:
• Cracking
: openings in the enameled surface of plates with a thickness of less than 1mm.
This phenomenon occurs thanks to the incompatibility of expansion between the
base and the ceramic enamel. Variations in temperature and humidity further
intensify the problem.
• Detachment
or displacement : loss of adhesion between the substrate ceramic or the mortar
used (the coating has tension greater than the maximum adhesion capacity
between the mixture and the ceramic plate).
4 - CRACKS
The finish of the work can go all the way down if small
grooves appear in the concrete. These small, seemingly harmless defects can
have serious consequences on the structure of the walls, floors, slabs, etc.
But, although similar, there are variations in cracks:
cracks, for example, are those more accentuated openings, even dividing the
material “in two”. The cracks, on the other hand, are deeper and more
pronounced cracks, therefore easier to identify.
In addition, cracks are classified according to their
causative agent. Are they:
• Overload
or stress build-up: when a load is placed above the maximum estimated weight of
the reinforced concrete structure;
• Cement
retraction: when a large amount of water mixed with cement ends up reducing the
volume of the concrete and interferes with the movement of the parts that make
up the structure of the work. If the stresses are greater than the tensile
strength of the concrete, the dreaded cracks appear.
• Thermal
movement: the daily temperature variation causes the structure to expand.
• Foundation
settlement: these are the inclined cracks that appear in the direction of a
higher level of settlement - when the soil “sinks” - and the built part is
slightly inclined.
And what to do to avoid all these problems?
Whether you are responsible for the work or the buyer of the
property, when you identify any of the aforementioned pathologies, immediately
seek a specialized professional to better assess the problem and offer the most
efficient solution.
Remember: the faster it is resolved, the lower the risk of
accidents.
As we have seen, the major cause of most pathologies in
civil construction is the type of construction material used and its form of
application, especially concrete.
There is a multitude of this input on the market for
specific situations, and therefore, it is important to choose the one with the
ideal composition to be applied precisely.
To understand more about the subject, read now this article
about 10 types of concrete most used in the work and what you need to know to
choose this input correctly!
Source: https://etechnologytrends.com/
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